Young People Mental Health for Risperidone -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theYoung People Mental Health for Risperidone and Fluoxetine. Answer: Mental health policies and treatment in adolescent has undergone drastic changes in the few decades. Delivery of mental nursing services, access to those services and several funding models has been implicated in recent years. This essay will illustrate how mental health services have changed over decades and will analyse the implications of these changes in the psychological outcomes of youth. Then- Mental illness was thought to be a form of demonic possession (Andrade, et al., 2014). Patients were mistreated, subjected to cruelty, given food meant for animals and died either from exposure or malnutrition. Families also felt embarrassed to keep the person at home. Iron rings and staple were used to secure the young patient, they were handcuffed and a pair of fetters was tied around the legs. Asylums contained a mix of mentally ill, criminals, epileptics and handicapped people. By the 1940s, electroshock treatments were administered. Antipsychotic medications gained popularity in 1960s to treat teenagers. Gradually asylums were closed and local treatment was promoted. Now- Drugs and different medications have replaced the cruel and inhuman treatment. Mentally ill young people are treated in local environment. Chronic institutionalizations are avoided. Surveys suggest that the incidence of serious mental illness in young people increased between 2012 and 2014 (Han, Compton, Gfroerer, McKeon, Mental health treatment patterns among adults with recent suicide attempts in the United States, 2014). Governments have begun to focus on short-term care of patients. Short-term stays are advised to avoid high hospitalization costs. There has been a massive increase of 75% in application of medications and antidepressant prescription costs increased by 22.6% in recent years (Curto, Masters, Girardi, Baldessarini, Centorrino, 2016). Commonly used drugs are chlorpromazine, risperidone, fluoxetine, lamotrigine, clonazepam and lorazepam. Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy is self-help, cost effective treatment for depression. Recent treatment also utilize s mindfulness as an effective intervention for preventing relapse in recurrent depression. Implications of the medications. The treatment of mental disorders in youth was barbaric in early decades. The traditional mental health treatment practices had a profound effect on the psychology and behaviour of the young people. The construction of asylum in developed countries led to custodial containment of such patients and provided very little care. It lead to loss of life-skills and development of deficit symptoms in adolescent. Ill-treatment and isolation victimised the youth. The use of insulin to treat psychopaths often made the young patient reach a stage of coma of convulsion. Public stigma turned the mentally ill patients against themselves. Imprisonment of young patients and use of electroshock therapies severely affected their participation in activities and seeking behaviour. The affected young people started to believe the negative stereotypes imposed by others and thought themselves to be dangerous and undeserving of nursing and care. This made them develop low sel f esteem and they became incompetent to achieve their goals (Andrade, et al., 2014). The adolescent also started to focus on the why try effect, which made them believe there was no need trying any form of therapy or medication because they would not get cured. Lack of clarity between mental health facilities, their ethical aspects and the cost coverage also made the young patients show non-compliance from treatment. Myths related to mental nursing and certain social and cultural norms also influenced their behaviour. Recently, many public health policies and initiatives have been developed that have proved successful in encouraging young people to focus on their treatment. These policies elaborate on educating the society on the different ways to combat negative stereotypes associated with mental illness and have greatly benefited the adolescent patient group (Yap, Reavley, Jorm, 2015). Though, mental health stigma exists, a survey conducted by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention states that the young people are gradually being able to visualize the connection between their wellbeing and mental health. The old and obsolete treatment methods have been replaced by community based services and therapeutic interventions to identify acute mental disorders (McGorry, Bates, Birchwood, 2013). Trained mental staff and use of appropriate knowledge help the adolescent in fighting against prejudices and social stigma. Combination of medications, psychotherapy, rehabilitation programs and family support programs have helped in improving behavioural health in the youth by addressing their needs. CBT interventions help in reducing the probability of psychotic experiences by as much as 50%. They reduce disabilities and distress. When anxiety and depression interfere with social life, therapies prove most beneficial. Most adolescent aged between 12-17 years engage in risky activities. Such behaviours often occur due to dysfunction in the family. Several studies s uggest that poor family functioning and stress leads to conflict and worsening of symptoms in the youth. The use of occupational therapy has proved beneficial in lowering the effectiveness of such conflicts (Johnsen Friborg, 2015). Launch of different anti-stigma programs by the World Health Organization have shown young people achieving better mental outcomes. Since their inception, more than 20 nations have joined the network and they have prioritized the needs of schizophrenia patients. These programs helped made the youth abstain from criminal activities. They have successfully stopped the use of illicit drugs and have shown to be extremely benefited from the rehabilitation programs (Rickwood, Telford, Parker, Tanti, McGorry, 2014). Reports suggest that, proper therapeutic intervention and implication of the behavioural and occupational therapies have drastically reduced the number of juvenile crime cases, poor physical conditions and interpersonal conflict among the mentally ill. Early diagnosis of psychotic symptoms in the youth have resulted in providing necessary relief to schizophrenia patients and their families. Several young psychotic patients have reported improved prognosis and a dramatic reduction in their behavioural symptoms. Effective medications have helped them to return to normal life rapidly. However, recent mental treatment advances also show some adverse effects on young patients (Yesufu-Udechuku, et al., 2015) . Several reactions like insomnia, suicidal tendency, nausea, dizziness and increased risk of suicidal thinking in the youth have been demonstrated. Non-adherence has been reported in some young patients who fail to believe that the drugs are showing desired outcomes (Slade, et al., 2014). Some adolescent mentally ill patients have shown symptoms of akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, blurred vision and hormonal problems owing to overdose of antipsychotic drugs (Gerhard, et al., 2017). Thus, it can be concluded from this essay that mentally ill young people were not given proper treatment in the dim past owing to ignorance, stigma and lack of good health care facilities. The barbaric practices severely affected the youths self-esteem, dependency and cognitive outcomes. In recent decades, several organizations and hospitals have been established which provide care to the youth without any prejudice or social stigma. Different drugs, medication therapies and rehabilitation programs have been created positive outcome in young people. However, in addition to certain positive outcomes, overexposure of these forms of treatment can cause any negative effects on the youth as well. Bibliography Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., Mneimneh, Z., Wells, J. E., Al-Hamzawi, A., Borges, G., Florescu, S. (2014). Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Psychological medicine, 44(6), 1303-1317. Curto, M., Masters, G. A., Girardi, P., Baldessarini, R. J., Centorrino, F. (2016). Factors Associated with Costs of Hospitalization of Severely Mentally Ill Patients. Bipolar Disorder, 2(104), 2. Gerhard, T., Stroup, T. S., Correll, C. U., Huang, C., Tan, Z., Crystal, S., Olfson, M. (2017). Antipsychotic Medication Treatment Patterns in Adult Depression. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. Han, B., Compton, W. M., Gfroerer, J., McKeon, R. (2014). Mental health treatment patterns among adults with recent suicide attempts in the United States. American journal of public health, 104(12), 2359-2368. Johnsen, T. J., Friborg, O. (2015). The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy as an anti-depressive treatment is falling: A meta-analysis. McGorry, P., Bates, T., Birchwood, M. (2013). Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(s54), s30-s35. Rickwood, D. J., Telford, N. R., Parker, A. G., Tanti, C. J., McGorry, P. D. (2014). headspaceAustralias innovation in youth mental health: who are the clients and why are they presenting? The Medical Journal of Australia, 200(2), 108-111. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 12-20. Yap, M. B., Reavley, N. J., Jorm, A. F. (2015). Is the use of accurate psychiatric labels associated with intentions and beliefs about responses to mental illness in a friend? Findings from two national surveys of Australian youth. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 24(1), 54-68. Yesufu-Udechuku, A., Harrison, B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Young, N., Woodhams, P., Shiers, D., Kendall, T. (2015). Interventions to improve the experience of caring for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(4), 268-274.